What Do I Read Next? It is considered that tusks are continued to grow entire life. Far from it, in fact; if anything, the growth of reliable research and evidence in this area has contributed the elephant man essay a divergence of theories that, at least in some aspects, currently appear to be mutually exclusive. Rosabeth Moss Kanter Change Management Words: Length: 8 Pages Document Type: Research Proposal Paper : For example, when the first partial face transplant was performed in France inthe elephant man essay, French newspapers [42][43][44] and some American [45] and Canadian [46] media outlets identified the patient's disease, which was in reality NF1, with Joseph Merrick's condition. As for online media articles, we chose as the starting point because it is in that year that articles began to appear in the media pointing out that NF1 does not have anything to do with the disease Joseph Merrick had. Science problems also exist, given the ways in which fossils are aged and time is documented.
The Elephant Man Essay Example
The Elephant Man is described in the first few scenes of the play as having extreme deformities, which Treves describes at great detail for his audience. Briefly describe the deformities that the Elephant Man suffers from and why he received the nickname that he did. View all Lesson Plans available from BookRags. Copyrights The Elephant Man from BookRags. c BookRags, Inc. All rights reserved. BookRags About BookRags Customer Service Terms of Service Privacy Policy Copyright by BookRags, Inc. FOLLOW BOOKRAGS:. Toggle the elephant man essay. Sign Up. Sign In. study guides lesson plans bios essays homework help Blog Sign In. Get The Elephant Man from Amazon.
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Eight Week Quiz D. Eight Week Quiz E. Eight Week Quiz F. Eight Week Quiz G. Mid-Book Test - Easy. Final Test - Easy. Mid-Book Test - Medium. Final Test - Medium. Mid-Book Test - Hard. Final Test - Hard. This set of Lesson Plans consists of approximately pages of tests, essay questions, lessons, and other teaching materials. Print Word PDF. View a FREE sample. More summaries and resources for teaching or studying The Elephant Man. The Elephant Man from BookRags. About BookRags Customer Service Terms of Service Privacy Policy Copyright by BookRags, Inc. This section contains 2, words approx.
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From the early beginning Merrick was never treated as a real human. He was considered to be a creature, animal and beast. Merrick used to be a constant object for laughter and humiliation. Moreover, many people think that if a person is somehow disabled physically he is also mentally disabled. Such people are often labeled as freaks or second-rate people. Certain disabilities and anomalies cause social humiliation and constant reason for the stigmatization. In this play by Bernard Pomerance we see how Dr. Treves tries to help Merrick overcome stigmatization and accept himself as a real human who can have normal life and enjoy little things as understanding, care, attention and simply spending time outdoors, in the nature or visiting cultural places as theatre and others.
We see how difficult it is for Merrick to cope with the impulses and feelings of the society that depict their negative attitude and disgust to him. Even when Merrick finds his home he is still often hurt by the reaction of some nurses or visitors who are frightened of him or who consider him to be an object of amusement. However, Merrick is a very compassionate and smart person and he never gets angry, he simply understands the attitude of the society. Moreover, he never tries to fight for his human rights. He accepts things and events the way they are.
The attitude of the crowd and their harsh feelings substitute the true feelings of Merrick. However, Dr. General Criteria 1. Mosaic distribution of lesions 2. Sporadic occurrence 3. Progressive course 4. Optic gliomas Category A 5. Lisch nodules 2 or more 1. Cerebriform connective tissue nevus 6. Characteristic osseous lesion sphenoid dysplasia, thinning of long bone cortex with or without pseudoarthrosis Category B two required 7. First degree relative with NF1 1. Linear epidermal nevus 2. Asymmetric, disproportionate overgrowth 3. Specific tumors before second decade Category C all three required 1.
Lipomas or focal atrophy of adipose tissue 2. Capillary, venous, or lymphatic malformation 3. Facial features including dolichocephaly, a long face, down-slanting palpebrae, ptosis, depressed nasal bridge, anteverted nares, and open mouth position while at rest General clinical manifestations 1. High blood pressure 1. Pulmonary abnormalities 2. Scoliosis 2. Renal abnormalities 3. Malignant tumors 3. Brain malformations Cognitive and psychological problems 1. Psychological consequences of the disease 4. Difficulty forming friendship in childhood 4. Feeling of isolation 5. Impact on quality of life 5.
Social stigmatization 6. Difficulty establishing social relationships 6. Courtesy stigma afflicts family members 7. Esthetic considerations represent a psychological burden. Neurofibromatsis type 1 NF1 With a prevalence of 1 in 3,, NF1 is one of the most widespread autosomal dominant diseases in the world. Figure 2. A woman who suffers from NF1. Photo: Marie-Soleil Lemay-Couture. Proteus syndrome Unlike NF1, Proteus syndrome is an extremely rare genetic condition, with only recently published cases worldwide, of which only 97 satisfy the diagnostic criteria issued by the NIH in [15]. Materials and Methods At the time of writing of this article, we are conducting an ethnographic study on the state of intergenerational dialogue between parents and children with neurofibromatosis.
Initial methodology For our study on intergenerational dialogue between parents and children with neurofibromatosis, our study design comprises three classical ethnographic investigative methods: 1 critical and comparative analysis of the literature; 2 participant observation; and 3 semi-structured interviews [26]. Critical and comparative analysis of the literature The purpose of the initial analysis of the literature was to understand and analyze the medical, psychosocial, and cultural aspects of neurofibromatosis as discussed to date in the scientific literature. Participant observation Participant observation requires investigators' full physical and intellectual immersion in the setting under study.
Initial study subjects We participated in nine events annual meetings, social activities, daylong information sessions, directors' meetings held by a number of Canadian neurofibromatosis associations. The emergent phenomenon Since the presentations we made related to diverse aspects of NF1, people were inclined to speak to us spontaneously about what they were experiencing in connection with the disease. Subsequent participant observation Once association members had told us that they continued to suffer from the confusion between NF1 and the disease Joseph Merrick had, we were sensitized to the suffering created by this situation. Table 2 Scientific Events at Which Presentations Were Made on Psychosocial and Ethical Issues Surrounding Neurofibromatosis.
Research subjects In this context, then, we gathered comments from 49 subjects Table 2 who were medical students or physicians, with ages, specializations, genders, and countries of origin undifferentiated. Results Since these empirical data obtained from participant observation results had raised the ethical question of the confusion between NF1 and Joseph Merrick's disease, it became necessary for us to review and analyze documents on this issue. The confusion between NF1 and Joseph Merrick's disease in the medical world Even though the clinical differences between NF1 and Proteus syndrome are known, and despite the diagnostic methods available nowadays, the confusion persists not just in press representations but also in those of physicians.
The impact of the confusion between NF1 and Proteus syndrome on the health and well being of individuals with NF1 and their family members As we have seen, some reference sources, past medical training, and the print and online news media have all contributed to the persistence of the association between NF1 and the disease of Joseph Merrick in representations by the general public and health professionals. Discussion We have seen that, despite the demonstrable damaging effects of the failure to differentiate between NF1 and Joseph Merrick's condition, despite the known major differences between the two conditions, and despite the diagnostic methods available today, the confusion between NF1 and Proteus syndrome persists.
Conclusion Given the nature of the problems we have just discussed, it could take no more than a few changes of attitude by the medical and scientific communities to make significant improvements. Acknowledgments We thank our translator, Mrs. Footnotes Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. References 1. Ablon J. Soc Sci Med. Parents' responses to their child's diagnosis of neurofibromatosis 1. Am J Med Genet. Carey J. Neurofibromatosis Newslett. Cohen MJ. The Elephant Man did not have neurofibromatosis. Proc Greenwood Genet. Gagner-Frenette L, Dubuc A. Neurofibromatosis and Elephant Man Disease.
L'Entraide NF. Montréal; Parkes W. Cutaneous pigmentation as an incomplete form of Recklinghausen's disease, with remarks on the classification of incomplete and anomalous forms of Recklinghausen's disease. Br J Dermatol. Tibbles JA, Cohen MM. Br Med J Clin Res Ed ; — Biesecker L. the challenges of proteus syndrome: diagnosis and management. eur j hum genet. Biesecker LG. The multifaceted challenges of Proteus syndrome. Proteus syndrome. In: Cassidy S, Allanson J, editors. Management of Genetics Syndromes. Hoboken: Wiley-Liss; Cohen MM. Hart L. Primary care for patients with neurofibromatosis 1. Nurse Pract. NIH Consensus Development Conference Statement. Arch Neurol. Turner J, Biesecker B, Leib J, Biesecker L, Peters KF.
Parenting children with Proteus syndrome: experiences with, and adaptation to, courtesy stigma. Am J Med Genet A. Robert-Gnansia E. Syndrome de Protée. Orphanet, Encyclopédie Grand Public; Radtke HB, Sebold CD, Allison C, Haidle JL, Schneider G. Neurofibromatosis type 1 in genetic counseling practice: recommendations of the National Society of Genetic Counselors. J Genet Couns. Dupuis A, Hamilton D, Cole DE, Corey M. Cystic fibrosis birth rates in Canada: a decreasing trend since the onset of genetic testing. J Pediatr. Ferner RE. Neurofibromatosis 1.
Eichenfield L. guidelines of care for neurofibromatosis type 1. journal of americam academy of dermatology. Cutting L, Clements A, Lightman A, Yerby-Hammack P, Denckla M. Cognitive profile of neurofibromatosis type 1: Rethinking nonverbal Learning disabilities. Descheemaeker M. Behavioural, academic and neuropsychological profile of normally gifted Neurofibromatosis type 1 children. journal of intellectual disability research. Fisch GS, Carpenter N, Howard-Peebles PN, Holden JJ, Tarleton J, et al. Studies of age-correlated features of cognitive-behavioral development in children and adolescents with genetic disorders.
Williams PG, Hersh JH. Brief report: the association of neurofibromatosis type 1 and autism. J Autism Dev Disord. Zaroff CM, Isaacs K. Neurocutaneous syndromes: behavioral features. Epilepsy Behav. Cassidy SB, Allanson JE. Management of genetic syndromes. Hoboken, N. xvii, Hammersley M, Atkinson P. Ethnography: Principles in practice. New York: Routledge; Montagu A. The elephant man: a study in human dignity. New-York: E. Dutton; Parkes Weber F. Cutaneous pigmentation as an incomplete form of Recklinhausen's disease, with remarks on the classification of incomplete and anomalous forms of Recklinhausen's disease. Rai G, Coni N. A case report of neurofibromatosis. J Am Geriatr Soc.
Floyd A, Percy-Lancaster R. The elephant woman. society of bone and joint surgery, British edition. Hostamisligil G. Proteus syndrome and neurofibromatosis. Seward G. letter to the editor: The Proteus syndrome: the Elephant Man diagnosed. Morse RP. Neurofibromatosis type 1. Understanding Proteus Syndrome, unmasking the Elephant Man, and stemming Elephant Fever. Joseph Merrick the grotesquely…. What the Elephant Man really had. Newsweek; When is a single gene… Gene found for neurofibromatosis. Science News. Friend T. Breakthrough in Elephant Man's disease. USA Today; Cause identified for disfiguring genetic disease. Rosenfeld A. Inside the Elephant Man. Discover; Williamson D. Mega-win, big pain; For some, dream can seem a nightmare. Engel J. Elephant Man Disease Not Neurofibromatosis.
The New York Times; Un homme de 27 ans … Une deuxième greffe de visage réalisée en France. Le Monde. fr; Durand M. Echkenazi A. Une deuxième greffe de visage réalisée en France. Le Parisien. Childs D. Third face transplant signals advancements, acceptance. ABC News; Une troisième greffe partielle … Troisième greffe partielle du visage. ca; Watt N. Transformed by a face transplant. Allen P. Severely burned man, 30, gets new face and hands in world-first operation. Mail Online; Castlenau B. World's first hands, face transplant. com Network; De Saint Sauveur C. Pelé L.
Une troisième greffe du visage. From the name… elephant man disease. Dictionarycom; Colloquial term for… Neurofibromatosis. Stedman's Medical Spellchecker; Barton B, North K. Social skills of children with neurofibromatosis type 1. Dev Med Child Neurol. Patenaude A. Pediatric Psychology Training and Genetics: What Will Twenty-First- Century Pediatric Psychologists Need to Know? journal of pediatric psychology. The self-concept of children and adolescents with neurofibromatosis type 1. Child: care, health and development. Belzeaux R. neurofibromatose de type 1. troubles psychiatriques et altération de la qualité de vie.
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